In this rare case, we see two very unusual and critical factors that together lead to atrial oversensing and “apparent” violation of the lower rate limit; a very narrow zone of open atrial sensing and far-field R wave sensing. While the first time MD Assoc Prof Harry Mond has seen this as atrial pacing, he explains how the issue can be very easily solved, reminding us, that normally there's no R wave sensing with AAI(R) pacing.

Dr Harry Mond explores the various arrhythmic events that can interrupt and terminate Wenckebach AV sequences including non-conducted atrial ectopics.

This week MD Assoc Prof H Mond examines the similarities between the characteristics of artefact vs non-atrioventricular Wenckebach blocks and the importance of recognising footprints for correct diagnosis.

Reported as dual chamber pacing, this case study needed closer examination. With obvious atrial pacing, the question of ventricular pacing remained. Assoc Prof Harry Mond details the characteristics that reveal the correct diagnosis, and why this should not be confused with pacemaker malfunction.

Handed this ECG, our Medical Director Assoc Prof Harry Mond was asked if it was an example of a rate adaptive pacing, which uses changes in transthoracic impedance to increase the pacemaker rate in response to physiologic demand. It was not a paced rhythm, however, these pacing algorithms create regular artefact on the ECG tracing, whether they are pacing or not in the ventricle. Using examples, we look at the technology and the defining characteristics that identify the correct results for each.

Atrial flutter or supraventricular tachycardia with block can often give the appearance of a bidirectional tachycardia, which can be caused by many other things. In this latest case study, our Medical Director Assoc Prof Harry Mond explains how to identify the characteristics of a tachycardia by using a series of ECG tracings, as well as explaining how he reached the correct conclusion when asked whether an ECG was showing a ventricular tachycardia.

Reversed Wenckebach occurs when there is sequential shortening of the PR interval, and can require a permanent pacemaker in certain instances. In this latest case study, we take a look at examples of reversed Wenckebach, and how to recognise the rare ECG finding.

A recent ECG was reported as sinus rhythm with intermittent bundle branch block – but this diagnosis was incorrect. CardioScan’s Medical Director Dr Harry Mond discusses the identifying factors in the ECG, and how he reached his diagnosis of an idioventricular rhythm with isorhythmic AV dissociation.

Overnight Wenckebach AV block is a common finding in young people and is usually found in the presence of sinus bradycardia/sinus slowing. In this latest edition in our clinical case studies series, we look at how to identify atypical Wenckebach AV block, and how it’s affected by timing.