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Assoc Prof Harry Mond
December 2, 2024
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The most common error in ECG reporting we encounter is differentiating between sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation particularly in poor quality tracings. Thankfully a confirmed report with this error is very rare. This is because the Techs putting the final stamp of approval on your reports are taught that:
“Atrial fibrillation with a regular ventricular response is actually sinus rhythm until proven otherwise.”— DR HARRY MOND
Such was the case with the accompanying ECG.
Our clever tech changed the rhythm strip and the diagnosis became obvious.
Sinus rhythm with first degree AV block.
We probably see at least one example each day.
Some examples:
This should be repeated but sometimes this is difficult to do.
The major footprint is QRS regularity.
The minor are the P waves.
However, this can sometimes fool you when there are atrial ectopics!!
Assoc Prof Harry Mond
November 5, 2026
As its name implies, AVNRT is a reentrant junctional or supraventricular tachyarrhythmia which involves the fast and slow pathways within the AV node creating a self-perpetuating circus movement. It can be divided into typical (slow-fast) or atypical (fast-slow) as well as several rarer forms related to more than one slow or fast pathway with similar electrophysiological properties. On the ECG, they can be identified and differentiated by the positioning of the P wave in relation to the QRS complex, which in turn is related to the direction of the re-entrant AV nodal circuit. However, in about 60% of cases, the P wave is buried in the QRS/T and cannot be identified on the surface ECG.
October 16, 2026
Retrograde conduction is defined as conduction from an ectopic site to the atrium via the AV node or accessory pathway and referred to as VA conduction. II results in a P wave configuration which differs from an anterograde P wave, and in most ECG leads is inverted. The site from where the impulse originates can be the AV node, Bundle of His, distal conducting system or the body of the ventricles including ventricular pacing. On the ECG, the QRS complex usually precedes the inverted retrograde P wave but on occasion may follow it.
October 1, 2026
In 1970, I commenced work as a “novice” cardiologist at The Royal Melbourne Hospital. Training at that time was learning how to recognise the diastolic murmur of mitral stenosis and making sure the ECG and chest x-rays were the correct way up. As this was prior to coronary artery surgery, stenting and echocardiography, the ECG was a highly respected tool for the diagnosis of many conditions. I was fortunate to befriend a number of the gurus of ECG interpretation who taught me to look into the soul of an ECG. Today, even though the ECG is the first investigation performed by a cardiologist, the art of ECG interpretation has been lost because we depend on the new tools for cardiac diagnosis.
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